The Achuar territory has changed from its traditional area (a single nation spread across Peru and Ecuador) (9). There was a border conflict between Peru and Ecuador in 1941 that forced the Achuar (including their familial units) to be legally divided into two groups (the Ecuadorian Achuar and Peruvian Achuar) based on the ?boundaries of the countries established by the conflict? (9). This prevents the Achuar from crossing the borders into Peru or Ecuador to practice their traditional trade systems and disrupts traditional social activities (9).
Missionaries
1970s to 1990s “the Achuar communities (centers) were affiliated with several organizations” but each center individually chose which organization they would be affiliated with (9). Therefore, some Achuar communities (centers) were affiliated OPIP (Organization of Indigenous Communities in the Province of Pastaza), others affiliated with what is now FICSH (Inter-provincial Federation of Shuar Centers), and (9). This resulted in with four different organizations but the communities (centers) were (9)
Establishment of ONAIE
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